Waterway transport and arbitration proceedings in the area of international waterway transport are regulated by a number of international agreements and conventions, which contain basic rules for operation, requirements for vessels, definitions of extraordinary events and basic rules for dispute resolution in arbitration proceedings. Of course, the individual conventions that I examine in my contribution, differ from each other as to their specific content; however, the basic structure of rules is always comparable. Moreover, the article deals with the current Czech legislation regarding this legal area, which is logically based on international rules, in the dimension of both the river and maritime navigation. As for the arbitration proceedings regarding disputes from international river transport, in my work I deal with three specialised permanent arbitration courts, more specifically, with Lloyd’s Salvage Arbitration Branch in London, Maritime Arbitration Commission of the Chamber of Commerce of the Russian Federation in Moscow and International Court of Arbitration of the Maritime Chamber of Commerce in Gdynia. In my contribution, I briefly describe their basic status, principles of proceedings, organisation and staffing, as well as the construction of fees payable for such proceedings. The conclusion then represents a synthesization of the main facts ascertained through my work.